UN General Assembly, Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, Mar. 21 2006, A/RES/60/147. عربي, 中文, English, Français, Русский, Español.

International Criminal Court, Rules of Procedure and Evidence, 9 September 2002, ICC-ASP/1/3. عربي, 中文, English, Français, Русский, Español.

Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Adopted by the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, Jul. 17 1998, UN Doc. A/CONF.183/9 [hereinafter cited as Rome Statute ]. عربي, 中文, English, Français, Ελληνικά, Русский, Español.

See Article 75: “Reparations to victims”

UN General Assembly, Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 10 December 1984, A/RES/39/46. عربي, 中文, English, Français, Русский, Español.

UN General Assembly, Universal Declaration of Human Rights 10 December 1948, G.A. Res. 217 A (III). عربي, 中文, English, Français, Deutsch, Ελληνικά, Русский, Español.

See Article 8: “Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.”

ICC Information on Reparations for Victims, available online together with application forms for victims and organizations.

Trust Fund for Victims, website

Thomas M. Antkowiak, An Emerging Mandate for International Courts: Victim-Centered Remedies and Restorative Justice, 47 Stan. J. Int’l L. 279 (2011). Available online, archived.

This article compares the victim-centered approach to remedies (championed by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights) with the more restrictive “cost-centered” model used by the European Court of Human Rights, and examines its application in other international courts as well.

Thomas M. Antkowiak, Remedial Approaches to Human Rights Violations: The Inter-American Court of Human Rights and Beyond, 46 Colum. J. Transnat’l L. 351 (2008). Available online, archived.

James P. Bair, From the Numbers Who Died to Those Who Survived: Victim Participation in the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, 31 U. Haw. L. Rev. 507 (2008–2009).

M. Cherif Bassiouni, International Recognition of Victim’s Rights, 6 Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 203 (2006). Oxford Journals paywall.

This article advances a historical analysis of victim’s rights and reparations.

Anita Bernstein and Hans Dieter Seibel, Reparations, Microfinance, and Gender: A Plan, with Strategies for Implementation, 44 Cornell Int’l L.J. 75 (2011). Available online, archived.

This article examines and recommends micro-finance as a mode of delivery for reparations.

Anita Bernstein, Pecuniary Reparations Following National Crisis: A Convergence of Tort Theory, Micro-Finance, and Gender, 31 U. Pa. J. Int’l Econ. L. 1, 4 (2009).

Roy L. Brooks, Getting Reparations for Slavery Right—A Response to Posner and Vermeule, 80 Notre Dame L. Rev. 251 (2004). HeinOnline paywall.

Critiques the work by Posner and Vermeule as somewhat uninformed, before offering his own suggestions for effective forms of reparations and redress;

Alfred L. Brophy, Reconsidering Reparations, 81 Ind. L.J. 811 (2006). Available online, archived.

Critiques the reparation definition used by Posner and Vermeule as too limited, both in time and in substance, before proffering his own view about effective reparations.

Anne-Marie De Brouwer, Reparations to Victims of Sexual Violence: Possibilities at the International Criminal Court and at the Trust Fund for Victims and Their Families, 20 Leiden J. Int’l L. 208 (2007).

Naomi Cahn, Beyond Retribution and Impunity: Responding to War Crimes of Sexual Violence, 1 Stan. J. C.R. & C.L. 217, 220. SSRN paywall.

Arturo J. Carrillo, Jason S. Palmer, Transnational Mass Claims Processes (TMCPs) in International Law and Practice, 28 Berkeley J. Int’l L. 101 (2010). Available online, archived.

This article discusses “mass claims processes,” of reparations on a large scale. It contrasts the views of international mass claims processes and transitional justice claims processes.

Tom Dannenbaum, The International Criminal Court, Article 79, and Transitional Justice: The Case for an Independent Trust Fund for Victims, 28 Wis. Int’l L.J. 234 (2010). Available online, archived.

Andrew F. Diamond, Victims Once Again? Civil Party Participation Before the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, 38 Rutgers L. Rec. 1 (2010). Available online, archived.

Adrian Di Giovanni, The Prospect of ICC Reparations in the Case Concerning Northern Uganda: On a Collision Course with Incoherence?, 2 J. Int’l L. & Int’l Rel. 25 (2006) . HeinOnline paywall.

Cautions ICC to take account of some of the limitations and challenges to reparations power given to ICC. Says that ICC should not implement a reparations scheme alone, but should include scheme as part of a larger transitional justice process; also seems to favor restorative justice to promote reconciliation

Carla Ferstman, The Reparation Regime of the International Criminal Court: Practical Considerations, 17 Leiden J. Int’l L. 667 (2002). Cambridge Journals paywall.

Points out issue of actually getting assets from the perpetrators and the problems that could arise (i.e. government cooperation—some governments might have competing claims to those assets, when it is a high official). Also talks about the trust fund likely being under-resourced for purposes of reparations.

Peter G. Fischer, The Victim’s Trust Fund of the International Criminal Court—Formation of a Functional Reparations Scheme, 17 Emory Int’l L. Rev. 187 (2003). Lexis/Nexis paywall.

David C. Gray, Extraordinary Justice, 62 Ala. L. Rev. 55 (2010). SSRN paywall.

David C. Gray, A No-Excuse Approach to Transitional Justice: Reparations as Tools of Extraordinary Justice, 87 Wash. U. L. Rev. 1043 (2010). Available online, archived.

Marc Henzelin, Veijo Heiskanen and Guénaël Mettraux, Reparations to Victims Before the International Criminal Court: Lessons from International Mass Claims Processes, 17 Crim. L. Forum 317 (2006). SpringerLink paywall.

Overview of the challenges the ICC faces with regard to reparations

Mugambi Jouet, Reconciling the Conflicting Rights of Victims and Defendants at the International Criminal Court, 26 St. Louis U. Pub. L. Rev. 249 (2007). Available online, archived.

Linda M. Keller, Seeking Justice at the International Criminal Court: Victims’ Reparations, 29 T. Jefferson L. Rev. 189 (2006–2007). Available online, archived.

View: Have more “restorative justice” as opposed to retributive justice because it is more community-oriented and aimed at restoring society through reconciliation; collective reparations.

Brian A. Kritz and Jacqueline Wilson, No Transitional Justice without Transition: Darfur a Case Study, 19 Mich. St. J. Int’l L. 475 (2011).

Saul Levmore, Privatizing Reparations, 84 B.U. L. Rev. 1291 (2004).

Saul Levmore, Changes, Anticipations, and Reparations, 99 Colum. L. Rev. 1657 (1999). SSRN paywall, JSTOR paywall.

In the second half of this piece, he utilizes the lens of anticipatory incentives and concludes that reparations are sound policy for governments looking to avoid causing similar, future harms and having to make payments as a consequence of that future, unwise decision making.

Lisa Magarrell, Reparations for Massive or Widespread Human Rights Violations: Sorting Out Claims for Reparations and the Struggle for Social Justice, 22 Windsor Y.B. Access Just. 85. Lexis/Nexis paywall.

Frédéric Mégret, Justifying Compensation by the International Criminal Court’s Victims Trust Fund: Lessons from Domestic Compensation Schemes, 36 Brook. J. Int’l L. 123 (2010). SSRN paywall, Lexis/Nexis paywall.

This article examines Victim Trust Funds of the ICC in comparison with domestic justice schemes.

Frédéric Mégret, Of Shrines, Memorials and Museums: Using the International Criminal Court’s Victim Reparation and Assistance Regime to Promote Transitional Justice, 16 Buff. Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 1 (2010). SSRN paywall, Lexis/Nexis paywall.

Examines potential for building shrines, memorials and museums as a particular form of transitional justice. Concludes that the ICC’s provisions on victim reparations do not preclude this form of reparations.

Frédéric Mégret, The International Criminal Court and the Failure to Mention Symbolic Reparations (2008). SSRN paywall.

Max du Plessis, Reparations and International Law: How Are Reparations to be Determined (Past Wrong or Current Effects), Against Whom, and What Form Should They Take?, 22 Windsor Y.B. Access Just. 41 (2003). Lexis/Nexis paywall.

International reparations in the context of slavery; mostly with states being the “perpetrators”

Hao Duy Phan, Reparations to Victims of Gross Human Rights Violations: The Case of Cambodia, 4 E. Asia L. Rev. 277 (2009). Available online, archived.

Eric A. Posner & Adrian Vermeule, Reparations for Slavery and Other Historical Injustices, 103 Colum. L. Rev. 689 (2003). JSTOR paywall.

These authors examine a few different forms of reparations, as well as the legal and moral foundations of those regimes.

Cecily Rose, An Emerging Norm: The Duty of States to Provide Reparations for Human Rights Violations by Non-State Actors, 33 Hastings Int’l & Comp. L. Rev. 307 (2010). Lexis/Nexis paywall.

Sheri P. Rosenberg, What’s Law got to do with it? The Bosnia v. Serbia Decision’s Impact on Reconciliation, 61 Rutgers L. Rev. 131 (2008). Available online, archived.

Natsu Taylor Saito, At the Heart of the Law: Remedies for Massive Wrongs, 27 Rev. Litig. 281 (2008). Lexis/Nexis paywall.

Sonja B. Starr, Rethinking “Effective Remedies”: Remedial Deterrence in International Criminal Courts, 83 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 693 (2008), available online.

Charles P. Trumbull IV, The Victims of Victim Participation in International Criminal Proceedings, 29 Mich. J. Int’l L. 777 (2008), archived.

Carlton Waterhouse, The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Moral Agency and the Role of Victims in Reparations Programs, 31 U. Pa. J. Int’l L. 257 (2009). SSRN paywall.

Yael Weitz, Rwandan Genocide: Taking Notes from the Holocaust Reparations Movement, 15 Cardozo J.L. & Gender 357 (2009). Available online, archived.

Jo-Anne Wemmers, Victims and the International Criminal Court (ICC): Evaluating the Success of the ICC with Respect to Victims, 16 IRV 211 (2009). Available online archived.

Marieke Wierda and Pablo de Greiff , Reparations and the International Criminal Court: A Prospective Role for the Trust Fund for Victims, International Center for Transitional Justice (2004). Available online, archived.

Andrew Woolford and Stefan Wolejszo, Collecting on Moral Debts: Reparations for the Holocaust and Prajmos, 40 Law & Soc’y Rev. 871 (2006). JSTOR paywall, Vlex paywall.

Eric K. Yamamoto, Sandra Hye Yun Kim, and Abigail M. Holden, American Reparations Theory and Practice at the Crossroads, 44 Cal. W. L. Rev. 1 (2007). Available online, archived.

Liesbeth Zegveld, Victims’ Reparations Claims and International Criminal Courts, 8 J. Int’l Crim. Just. 79 (2010). Oxford Journals paywall, SSRN paywall.

This article compares domestic and international reparations schemes, arguing in favor of domestic approaches for remedial purposes.

Roy L. Brooks, When Sorry Isn’t Enough: The Controversy Over Apologies and Reparations for Human Injustice (Roy L. Brooks ed., 1999). Google Books, Amazon

An analogy on reparations that is particularly insightful.

Carla Ferstman, Mariana Goetz, and Alan Stephens, Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2006). Brill, Amazon.

Otto Triffterer, Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Observers’ Notes, Article by Article (2nd Edition 2008). Amazon.

Article 75 is analyzed by David Donat-Cattin.

Eva Dwertmann, The Reparation System of the International Criminal Court (Martinus Nijhoff, 2010). Brill, Google Books.

Marc Bossuyt, Paul Lemmens, Koen de Feyter, and Stephan Parmentier, Between Possibilities and Constraints, in (Out of the Ashes: Reparation for Victims of Gross and Systematic Human Rights Violations, Antwerp: Intersentia, 2006). Google Books.

Expresses doubts that the trust fund can really work as well as a national reparations system. Points out previous practice with the ICTY and ICTR where they did not have a reparations provision, and thought it’d be best to have a separate one (i.e. separate trust fund) from the courts. Ultimately argues that the trust fund should take leading role over the ICC in reparations.

William A. Schabas, The International Criminal Court, A Commentary on the Rome Statute (2010). Oxford University Press, Amazon.

Dinah Shelton, Remedies in International Human Rights Law (2nd edition 2005). Amazon.

Genocide’s Aftermath: Responsibility and Repair, (Claudia Card & Armen T. Marsoobian eds., 2007). Wiley, Amazon.